??About 25 percent of peoplecarryone APOE4, increasing their chance of developing Alzheimer’s by two or three times.
大约25%的人携带一个APOE4基因，这将使他们患阿尔茨海默病的几率增加两到三倍。
1.increasebyxx，增加了xx；increasetoxx，增加到xx
《本期内容》
双语阅读
Academics at elite US universities produce more research because they have consistent access to more funded graduate programmes, fellowships and postdocs than do their peers at less prestigious institutions, finds a study that looked at the publication records of nearly 80,000 researchers.
一项研究对近8万名研究者发表的论文记录进行了查阅，发现美国精英大学的学者产出的研究数量更多，因为与不那么有名的大学里的同行们相比，他们更能持续获得更多的受资助的研究生项目、奖学金和博士后。
The findings, published in Science Advances on 18 November, show how having more paid junior researchers and larger research groups drives greater productivity at the most prestigious institutions. “Facultywho end up at places that are less prestigious don’t have the resourcesin the form ofresearch labour … then they just produce less science,” says co-author Sam Zhang, a computational social scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder.
11月18日发表在《科学进展》杂志上的研究结果解释了，行业声望最高的机构中，拥有更多的带薪初级研究员，以及更大的研究团队，是如何推动更高的生产力的。此项研究的合著者、科罗拉多大学博尔德分校计算社会科学家山姆??张表示：“那些在不那么知名的地方的院系，没有具备研究能力的人力资源……他们产出的科研成果只会更少。”
The research highlights “inequalities in academia”, says Aaron Clauset, a computer scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder, who also worked on the study. He adds that the systems and hierarchies in place “are creating biases that are shifting attention and resources around in ways that are not maybe reflective of our ideals of themeritocracy”.
同样参与了本项研究的科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的计算机科学家亚伦·克劳塞特表示，这项研究突出了“学术界的不平等”。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
The researchers acknowledge that there could be other factors associated with university prestige that boost scientists’ productivity. “Funded labour may correlate with things that are characteristic of the elite institutions that are not taken into account in this analysis,” points out Mathias Wullum Nielsen, a sociologist at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. These include “better conditions, better support, better office spaces, less teaching”, 
he says.
研究人员承认，可能还有其他与大学威望有关的因素可以提高科学家的生产力。丹麦哥本哈根大学的社会学家马蒂亚斯·乌勒姆·尼尔森指出：“受资助的研究者可能与精英机构的特点有关，而这些特点分析中并没有予以考虑。”他表示，这些特征包括“更好的条件、更好的支持、更好的办公场所、更少的教学时间”。
But the study’s authors think that the effects of available labour are the best explanation for their findings. “These environmental factors cannot explain the pattern we see in faculty group productivity,” says Zhang. They “could onlyconfoundour labor hypothesis if
they selectively improved the group, rather than individual productivity of faculty”.
但该研究的作者们认为，现有研究者的影响是对其研究结果的最佳解释。”张说：“这些环境因素不能解释我们在教师群体生产力中看到的模式。他们“只有在有选择地提高教师集体生产力而非个人生产力的情况下，才能驳倒我们的劳动力假说”。
本文节选自：Nature（自然）
发布时间：2022.11.18
词汇积累
1. faculty
/??f??k??lt??/
n. 机能; 天赋，才能; (高等院校的)系，院; 全体教员;(某行业，尤指医学行业的)全体从业人员; (尤指来自教会当权者的)特许证，许可证
2.meritocracy
/??m??r????t??kr??s??/
n. 精英领导体制，精英管理的社会; 精英领导阶级
3.confound
/k??n??fa??nd/
vt. 使困惑惊讶，使惊疑; 证明……有错，驳倒; 打败，挫败(敌人、计划等); 讨厌，该死; 使混淆
词组搭配
1.in the form of 以……的形式
写作句总结
These environmental factors cannot explain the pattern we see in faculty group productivity.
结构：These environmental factors cannot explain the pattern we see in ….
这些环境因素不能解释我们在…中看到的模式
例句：These environmental factors cannot explain the pattern we see in intensive labor.
打卡作业
在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~
外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。
（戳码回复“J88”）
点击领取1998-2021经济人学杂志PDF，附双语版+词汇
?? END ??
排版/外刊君
图片/来源网络
中国高翻小组
Notice: The content above (including the pictures and videos if any) is uploaded and posted by a user of NetEase Hao, which is a social media platform and only provides information storage services.