2002年考研英语阅读真题及解析【第一篇】(2002年考研英语阅读真题解析)

passage1注解:标题为红色,翻译为蓝色,分析为绿色。? ? ? ??if you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. 【in sympathy with 同情(但这里译为:赞同)】depending on whom you are addressing【addressing 在这里的意思的说话=talk】, the problems will be different. if you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
????????here is an example, which i heard at a nurses convention【大会】, of a story which works well?because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.a man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by st. peter. 【a?be shown around by b?a被b带着到处观看】he sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch【排队吃饭】, the new arrival 【这里指人,新来的人】is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself.
????????if you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll?be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about【make a passing remark about 随便做一个评论】 the inedible【不能吃的】 canteen food or the chairmans notorious【臭名昭著的】?bad taste【品味】 in ties【领带】. with other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in 【cut in插嘴】with humor as they will resent【怨恨,憎恶】 an outsider making disparaging【诋毁的,轻蔑的】 remarks about their canteen or their chairman. you will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats【替罪羊】 like the post office or the telephone system.【the post office or the telephone system这样的话题拿来议论,就不容易得罪人,这就是“替罪羊”的意思】
????????if you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff【off-the-cuff即兴的(词意是:脱离袖口的,意译为:即兴表达的)】remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. often its the delivery which causes the?audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted【轻松的,轻松愉快的】 remark.
? ? ? ? look for the humor. it often comes from the unexpected.a twist【扭动,转动】?on a familiar quoteor a play on words【a?play on words文字游戏】 or on a situation.search for exaggeration and understatement【轻描淡写】. look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about【转身】 and inject with humor.
一、文章结构分析
本文是关于幽默的一篇说明文,旨在教会读者如何使用幽默。
第一段:第一句话是主题句,说明为了达到幽默的效果,必须知道如何识别听话者共有的经历和问题,针对不同的听众谈不同的幽默话题。该段主要使用说理的论证手段。
第二段:举例证明上面的观点。
第三段:推理说明为什么第一段提出的方法会达到幽默的效果。
第四段:谈论幽默很重要的一个方面是注意练习,让它显得自然随意。
第五段:举例说明获得幽默的重要方法——主动寻找幽默。
21. to make your humor work, you should ____________.
[a] take advantage of different kinds of audience
[b] make fun of the disorganized people
[c] address different problems to different people
[d] show sympathy for your listeners
21.要使自己的幽默让人发笑,你应当____________
【a】利用不同类型的听众
【b】取笑杂乱无章的人
【c】对不同的人谈不同的问题
【d】对你的听众表示同情

第一段第一句,?if you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑,你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。
特别在第一段的最后一句举例,if you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以评论他们秘书素乱的工作方法;相反,如果你在和一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论他们毫无章法的老板。故可知要使自己的幽默让人发笑,应当对不同的人谈不同的问题。故c选项正确。

22. the joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ____________.
[a] impolite to new arrivals?
[b] very conscious of their godlike role
[c] entitled to some privileges?
[d] very busy even during lunch hours
22.从那个关于医生的笑话里推出护士对医生的看法是他们___________。
【a】对新来的人没有礼貌
【b】非常在乎自己上帝般的角色
【c】享有某些特权
【d】用午餐时都很忙

对于a选项,对新来的人没有礼貌是笑话中的一个细节,而不是笑话想要表达的含义。故a选项错误。
对于b选项,笑话是来嘲讽医生的傲慢和目中无人,笑话结尾处st. peter的话“但是有时他认为自己是一名医生”暗示医生常常认为自己是上帝。故b选项正确。
对于c选项,c选项没有笑话想表达出的嘲讽的意味,笑话是来嘲讽医生的傲慢和目中无人。
对于d选项,d选项也没有笑话想表达出的嘲讽的意味,笑话是来嘲讽医生的傲慢和目中无人。

23.it can be inferred from the text that public services__________.
[a] have benefited many people
[b] are the focus of public attention
[c] are an inappropriate subject for humor?
[d] have often been the laughing stock
23.从文中可以推出,公共服务__________。
【a】给许多人带来利益
【b】是公众注意的焦点
【c】不适合作为幽默的笑料
【d】经常是大家的笑料

第三段最后一句,you will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats替罪羊 like the post office or the telephone system.【the post office or the telephone system这样的话题拿来议论,就不容易得罪人,这就是“替罪羊”的意思】
但如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊,那你就会很安全。
故可知,公共服务是适合作为幽默的笑料的。故d选项正确。

24. to achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered _________.
[a] in well-worded language
[b] as awkwardly as possible
[c] in exaggerated statements?
[d] as casually as possible
24.为了达到预期的效果,幽默故事应该以方式讲述________。
【a】话语措辞得当。
【b】尽可能地不自然。
【c】用夸张的词语。
【d】尽可能自然。

根据第四段,if you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff?remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. often its the delivery which causes the?audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted?remark.
如果你在幽默时感到很别扭,你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话,你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑,因此说慢一些,并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。
句子中有“casual”随意的和“off-the-cuff”即兴的,故可知幽默故事应该以方式讲述尽可能自然。故d选项正确。

25.the best title for the text may be_________.
[a] use humor effectively?
[b] various kinds of humor
[c] add humor to speech
[d] different humor strategies
25.这篇文章最好的标题是________。
【a】有效地使用幽默
【b】各种各样的幽默
【c】在谈话中添加幽默
【d】不同的幽默策略

对于a选项,本文是关于幽默的一篇说明文,旨在教会读者如何有效使用幽默。故a选项正确。
对于b选项,本文没有对幽默进行具体的分类并分类阐述。故b选项错误。
对于c选项,选项意思太宽了,导致没有突出重点,文章更多是教会读者如何有效使用幽默。故c选项错误。
对于d选项,选项意思太窄了,导致描述太过片面,不同的幽默策略只是能概括最后一段,不能覆盖全文,文章不只是介绍幽默策略,更介绍如何让幽默策略行之有效。故d选项错误。

二、核心词汇与超纲词汇
(1)identify(v.)认出,识别:鉴定;
identification(n.)识别,身份证明,简写成id。
(2)sympathy(n.)同情,同感;
be in sympathy with sb./sth.同意,赞同。
如:we are all in sympathy with your proposals
.sym-前缀表示“相同的”;
anti-表示“相

反的”,
如:antipathy反感。
(3)address(v.)与…说话,向…致辞,演说;从事,忙于
(4)alternatively(ad.)作为选择,或者;
这个词在写作中常用来引导另外一个平行的观点或意见;
alternative(a./n.)二者择一(的),选择性(的)
(5)convention(n.)大会,协定,习俗,惯例
conventional(a.)
(6)accommodations(n.)住处,住所:座位,车厢;适应;便利的设备,有 助的事
(7)st.peter 圣彼德,st.是saint的缩写,是人们对耶稣基督的尊称。
(8)stomp(n./v.)跺脚,践踏,重踏
(9)passing(a.)经过的,短暂的,匆匆的,随便的,偶然的,及格的
(10)notorious(a.)声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的;
notorious是一个贬义词。
表示“名气很大”的贬义词还有infamous。
褒义词很多,如:famous,well-known,renowned等。
(11)resent(v.)愤恨,怨恨,对…感觉不愉快;
resentment(n.)
(12)disparaging(a.)蔑视的,轻视的,毁谤的
(13)scapegoat(n.)替罪羊。
记住goat,与“羊”有关的词语还有black sheep害群之马。
(14)understatement(n.)一种修辞手法,故意的轻描淡写;
under-前缀表示“未达,未满,不足”,
如:
undertreatment处理不足或不力,
underestimate低估,
underripe不成熟的。
(15)turn about 转变,改变意见,转身,反复思考
三、阅读答案:c?b?d d?a
四、全文翻译:
????????如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑,你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。你的幽默必须与听众有关,向他们表明你是他们中的一员,或者你了解他们的处境并同情他们的观点。根据谈话对象的不同,问题也有所不同。如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以评论他们秘书素乱的工作方法;相反,如果你在和一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论他们毫无章法的老板。
????????下面举一个例子,它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好,因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。一个人到了天堂,由圣彼得带着他参观。他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善,然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时,突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只见这人挤到了队伍的前头,抓起他的食物,噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。“这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得,“哦,那是上帝,”他回答说,“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。”
????????如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员,你就有条件去了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。而对于其他听众,你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默,因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。但如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊,那你就会很安全。
????????如果你在幽默时感到很别扭,你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话,你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑,因此说慢一些,并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。
????????留意幽默,它常常是在出其不意的时候出现。它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一开始不成功,就放弃”,或者是调侃词藻和场景;寻求夸大其词和轻描淡写;考虑一下你的谈话,选出一些词汇和句子,对它们反复琢磨,并注入一些幽默。
五.地毯式总结
your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.?
你的幽默必须与听众有关,向他们表明你是他们中的一员,或者你了解他们的处境并赞同他们的观点。
he sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch.the new arrival?is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat.
他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善,然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时,突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。
if you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and its notorious?bad taste?in ties.
如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员,你就有条件去了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。
with other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent?an outsider making disparaging?remarks about their canteen or their chairman.
而对于其他听众,你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默,因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此诋毁。
you will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats?like the post office or the telephone system.
但如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样作为笑柄(替罪羊),那你就会很安全。
you must practice so that it becomes more natural. include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff?remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话,你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。
help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
有助于表明你在说轻松的话。
a twist?on a familiar quote or a play on words?or on a situation.
它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一开始不成功,就放弃”,或者是调侃词藻和场景;
search for exaggeration and understatement. look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about?and inject with humor.
寻求夸大其词和轻描淡写;考虑一下你的谈话,选出一些词汇和句子,对它们反复琢磨,并注入一些幽默。

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